Grammar Terminology
Absolute: refers to the use of a word or phrase on its own when it would usually be accompanied by another word or phrase.
Example: Asperger's syndrome is a condition on the autism spectrum. People with Asperger’s struggle in social settings.
Abstract Noun: denotes something immaterial such as an idea, quality, state, or action as opposed to a concrete noun. See also: Noun; Concrete Noun
Examples: love, hate, power
Active: In a sentence or clause, the grammatical subject refers to the person or thing which carries out or causes the action expressed by the verb. The verb form used in an active clause is called an active verb. See also: clause, subject, verb, passive.
Example: The dog chased the Frisbee. Chased is active whereas was chased is passive.
Adjective: a word expressing an attribute and qualifying a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun so as to describe it more fully.
Example: The large striped cat mewed loudly.
Adverb: a word that modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole clause or sentence, and which typically expresses manner, degree, or a circumstance such as a place, direction, or time.
Examples: The teacher spoke loudly. The student is very studious. Please, come here. The books arrived yesterday.
Adverbial: one of the five possible elements of a sentence or clause, the others being subject, verb, object, and complement; frequently takes the form of an adverb, adverb phrase, or prepositional phrase; typically express manner, time, or place; their position in the sentence is usually flexible.
Example: I kind of feel sorry for the other team.
Agreement: refers to the fact of two (or more) elements in a clause or sentence having the same grammatical person, number, gender, or case; the main type of agreement takes place between the subject and the verb of a clause.
Examples: The wolf howls at the moon. The wolves howl at the moon.
Apposition: when two or more grammatical units (especially nouns or noun phrases) in a sentence refer to the same person or thing, and typically have the same role within the sentence.
Example: Dr. Martin, the English professor, demonstrated sentence diagramming on the board.
Article: one of a small set of words that limit the application of nouns. A definite article specifies the noun given and an indefinite article marks a noun as being generic.
Example of a definite article: The cat is ginger.
Example of indefinite articles: A dog is barking. An arachnid is spinning a web.
Base Form: the form of a verb without any inflections.
Example: The base form of kicked, kicks, and kicking is kick.
Clause: a grammatical unit that typically contains a verb or verb phrase and which may be a complete sentence in itself or may form part of a sentence.
Example of a sentence with one clause: I like techno music.
Example of a sentence with two clauses: I like techno music, but I do not like disco music.
Run-on sentences, also known as fused sentences, occur when two complete sentences are squashed together without using a coordinating conjunction or proper punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.
Run-on sentences can be short or long. A long sentence isn’t necessarily a run-on sentence.
Below is an example of two independent clauses that are structured as a run-on sentence. It fuses two complete thoughts into one sentence without proper punctuation.
Lila enjoyed the bouquet of tulips John gave her on prom night however she prefers roses.
Now, here is an example of how to write these two independent clauses correctly. A semicolon is placed between the two clauses to separate each thought. It also includes a comma after the conjunctive adverb, however, as a transition into the second clause.
Lila enjoyed the bouquet of tulips John gave her on prom night; however, she prefers roses.
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Source: Grammarly. https://www.grammarly.com/blog/run-on-sentence-basics/
Monmouth University Transitions - WHAT IS A TRANSITION? In writing, a transition is a word or phrase that connects one idea to another. This connection can occur within a paragraph or between paragraphs. Transitions are used to show how sentences or paragraphs are related to each other and how they relate to the overall theme of the paper.
As a "part of speech," transition words are used to link words, phrases or sentences. They help the reader to progress from one idea (expressed by the author) to the next idea. Thus, they help to build up coherent relationships within the text. Smart Words
This handout can help you revise your papers for word-level clarity, eliminate wordiness and avoid clichés, find the words that best express your ideas, and choose words that suit an academic audience.
The most common English misspellings - Here’s a quick-reference guide to the top misspellings according to the Oxford English Corpus – an electronic collection of over 2 billion words of real English that helps us to see how people are using the language and also shows us the mistakes that are most often made.
Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation -This site offers content, e.g., rules, quizzes, videos, on English usage.
Comma Queen - This series hosted by Mary Norris, the "Comma Queen," mixes history and humor to teach grammar basics.
Ms. Particular's Micro-Lectures on Style and Usage -These "micro-lectures" by Ms. Particular address common mistakes in technical writing and deliver writing instruction in small, palatable doses.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health LibGuide - SPH Writing Support Services: Getting Started: Academic Writing. Getting started with SPH Writing Support Services.
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