The APA citation style is used primarily in the business, social sciences, health, and education fields as well as all of our classes at Hallmark. The American Psychological Association publishes the official guide:
There are several copies available in the learning center for students to use on campus, and additional copies are available from the academic assistant for instructors.
In addition to this guide, there are several resources available online to help you with APA.
APA Style | Style and Grammar Guidelines
APA Style | Student Title Page Guide [PDF]
APA Style | Reference Quick Guide [PDF]
APA Style | Heading Levels Template: Student Paper [PDF]
APA Style | Annotated Sample Student Paper [PDF]
APA - Style and Grammar Guidelines - https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Style and Format Guide -https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
APA Format Citation Guide Mendeley - https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide
When APA Style refers to using current resources, it generally means selecting and citing recent and relevant sources to the field or topic of your research. This is important because knowledge and information can progress, especially in fast-paced fields like science, technology, and medicine. Here is what it means for students:
The Recency of Sources: APA typically recommends using sources published within the last 5-10 years unless you cite a seminal or foundational work. This ensures that the research you reference reflects the most up-to-date findings and discussions.
Why Recency Matters: In academic writing, using current resources helps you present the latest evidence and perspectives. This is crucial in fields where new data or theories can significantly alter understanding. Using outdated sources might lead to referencing no longer valid or accepted information.
Exceptions: In some cases, older sources can be acceptable, particularly if they are considered foundational texts in your study area. However, older foundational texts should be balanced with newer studies or reviews that reflect the field's current state.
Consulting older research can be very useful. Here are several reasons why:
Historical Context: Older research helps students understand the development of ideas, theories, or technologies. It provides a historical perspective on how certain concepts have evolved.
Foundational Theories: Many academic disciplines are built on theories and research from years or decades ago. Familiarizing yourself with these foundational works can provide a strong background for understanding more recent research.
Citing Key Scholars: Some older research is still highly influential and regularly cited in current studies. Understanding these works can help students better engage with current literature.
Literature Gaps: Consulting older research can help identify gaps in the literature where new research can make contributions. Students might discover areas where updates or additional studies are needed.
Longitudinal Studies: Some older studies are important for their long-term data or observations over extended periods, which newer research may not yet replicate.
Contrasting Views: Comparing older perspectives with newer studies helps students critically evaluate how knowledge has changed or been challenged. Students can strengthen their arguments and showcase comprehensive analysis skills by contrasting older research with newer findings.
Identify Gaps in Knowledge: Sometimes, older research presents ideas or theories that were never fully explored. Students can use this to their advantage by identifying these gaps and focusing on how more recent findings address or expand upon them. It’s a great way to show critical thinking and initiative!